The excavation revealed a first-century "courtyard house" that was partially hewn from naturally occurring rock and partially constructed with rock-built walls. On another point, the regular populace were not as rigid as the Pharisees and were not as scrupulous about not traveling through Samaria (it wasnt an issue for Jesus and his disciples). The guest room at the synagogue might have been the inn/guest room which was crowded and where there was no room so Joseph sought shelter in a cave as the village would have been very crowded with those present for the census. Writing a book on David. The city of Bethlehem, located about six miles southwest of Jerusalem, is the birthplace of our Savior Jesus Christ. Copyright People in ancient Israel used two types of housing: tents for nomadic or semi-nomadic herders who travelled with their flocks houses, either large or small, in villages or cities. He built on a grand scale. Galilee is north of Jerusalem; Bethlehem is to the south. Jerusalem under the Kings, Wall of David and Solomon, Wall of Hezekiah, Wall of Herod Agrippa, Wall of Herod's temple, Present enclosure of the Haram-esh-Sharif, Enclosing wall of Solomon's buildings, Via Dolorosa according to the present tradition, Holy Rock (site of the altar of the burnt offerings), Solomon's Pool, David's house, House of the Mighty Men . Historic Moravian Bethlehem has a high degree of both integrity and authenticity, and encompasses excellent examples of the architecture and town planning of the 18th-century community. Originally built by Constantine's mother in the 4th century, Emperor Justinian rebuilt the current structure in the 530s. In addition to all of this, there is nothing . The Church of the Nativity is a popular pilgrimage spot during the Christmas season. Am 5:11 The houses are usually of one story only, viz., the ground floor, and often contain only one apartment. O' empty town of Bethlehem: a trickle of visits to the site of Christ's birth thanks to intifadas and ongoing tensions O' empty town of Bethlehem: a trickle of visits to the site of Christ's birth . There are no chimneys, but fire is made when required with charcoal in a chafing-dish; or a fire of wood might be made in the open court of the house Lu 22:65 Some houses in Cairo have an apartment open in front to the court with two or more arches and a railing, and a pillar to support the wall above. Annunciation to Joseph in Bethlehem2. Institute of Archaeology Hebrew University. 16:22). Among these locations, the site most associated with the beginnings of the New Testament story is Bethlehem the setting of Jesus birth as described in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. Generally speaking, this rude type of building prevailed, although, in some of the larger buildings, square dressed and jointed stones were used. At one time in the mid-18thcentury, 15 different languages were spoken in Bethlehem. 10AM - 5PM . They were protected by parapets or low walls (Deut. New Testament Overview - General survey of the New Testament. The apothecary was then moved into the Bell House before Blacksmithing was one of the most important trades in Colonial America, since smiths made or repaired tools, kitchen utensils, weapons, agricultural implements, and household items. MLS # 711673 So all Israel went to their tents.Isaiah 63:7 - I will mention the lovingkindnesses of the LORD, [and] the praises of the LORD, according to all that the LORD hath bestowed on us, and the great goodness toward the house of Israel, which he hath bestowed on them according to his mercies, and according to the multitude of his lovingkindnesses.Psalms 135:20 - Bless the LORD, O house of Levi: ye that fear the LORD, bless the LORD.1 Kings 12:16 - So when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? NY 10036. Outside the house, so that Ehud could readily escape after slaying Eglon (Judges 3:23), and the bearers of the paralytic, unable to get to the door, could easily mount by the outside stairs to the roof, and, breaking an opening in it, let him down in the midst of the room where Jesus was (Mark 2:4). 9:10) and marble (1 Chr. The outer circle in an audience in such a room sat upon a dais, or upon cushions elevated so as to be as high as the window-sill. Archaeologists working in Nazareth Jesus' hometown in modern-day Israel have identified a house dating to the first century that was . The Moravians believed that all people, both men and women, should receive the same education; that all people should receive health care; that women should have equal rights with men in the community; and that all people should work together for the good of the community without prejudice regarding race, gender, or ethnicity. The name Beit Lechem means 'House of Bread' and Ephrathah fruitful. 3:6; Ps. If these are the ruins of Simon Peter's house, then this is the place where Jesus stayed while in the city of Capernaum. first century house in bethlehem. Jesus birth in Bethlehem, then, literally occurred in the shadow of Herods reign within sight of Herodion while at the same time posing a divine challenge to it by bringing forth the ultimate royal messiah born in the village of David. 74 West Broad Street, Suite 310, Bethlehem, PA 18018 | Phone: 610-882-0450 | FAX: 610-882-0460 | [emailprotected]. Subscribe for free and get daily or weekly updates straight to your inbox, The three things you need to know everyday, Highlights from the last week to keep you informed. CENTURY 21: The Gold Standard. Also with the captivity would it have remained apart of David (Chimhams inheritance)? Bethlehem - Ancient Roots Bethlehem is about six miles south of Jerusalem in Israel. All rights Such expressions in connection with Deity are numerous in the Book of Psalm and also in the prophetic writings5 (cf. After staying with Elisabeth for three months, Mary went home to Nazareth (1:56). (See Bliss, A Mound of Many Cities.) 6614 American Way , Bethlehem, PA 18017 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $499,000. She married Salmon and their son was called Boaz, who must have settled in Bethlehem when Judah captured its inheritance. Where on the Temple Mount was Jesus during Hanukkah? The excavations by Ken Dark revealed a first-century "courtyard house" that was partially hewn from naturally occurring rock and partially constructed with rock-built walls. It is primarily thought of as a New Testament city, but is actually extremely old. There is however, many records of people being forced to be counted in their parents home if they are not the head of their own house. 22:14). If you were Joseph, when would you take the tripwhen shes about to give birth or a few weeks (or even months) before? Israel's Roads. Robert Harris (Goodreads Author) 3.85 avg rating 42,086 ratings. Bethlehem By the late 1700s the community began changing, leaving behind its unique structure and architecture and adopting the societal norms and architectural style of the broader developing American culture. Dr. Sepphoris, on the other hand, was more willing to embrace Roman culture including its imported goods. The latter include Catholic and Greek Orthodox chapels recalling the shepherds field of Luke 2; the Milk Grotto marking a site where, according to local tradition, Mary nursed Jesus on the flight to Egypt; and, most prominently, Manger Square a Byzantine-era church complex built over a cave long thought to be the location where Jesus came into the world. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Church_of_the_Nativity_(7703592746).jpg. Alan, Most inns had a stable block and that is where Jesus was born. The Western road led northwest to Joppa and also southwest to Bethlehem and Hebron. Jacob Jr. Ehrenhardt House: Built in 1803, this 2 1/2-story fieldstone house features a slate-covered roof and is open to the public as a historic house museum. [Manners And Customs of Bible Lands], DEDICATION OF A NEWLY BUILT HOUSE THAT THERE WAS a generally accepted custom among the Jews of dedicating a newly constructed dwelling is indicated from the words of the Mosaic Law: "What man is there that hath built a new house and hath not dedicated it" (Deuteronomy 20:5). The roofs are used as places of recreation in the evening, and often as sleeping-places at night. Visiting the site Stone-built and Mud/Brick-built Houses. I am intrigued with the idea that God thru David and Chimham prepared a place for our Lords birth so many years before. It is also possible that Herods deliberate placement of Herodion in such close proximity to Bethlehem was itself an attempt to create an impression of dynastic legitimacy; if scripture and local tradition held that the true king of Israel would one day ascend from Davids hometown, Herods personal monument would forge a strong visual association between him and the Davidic monarch expected to come from that location. The Babylonians - Learn about ancient Babylon and the people who lived there. A stone and mortar building under a . Located around 36 km from Blou Donki Gallery, the guest house with free WiFi is also 36 km away from Art and Wine Gallery on Main. Within this is a court or courts with apartments opening into them. because he humbleth himself before me, I will not bring the evil in his days: [but] in his son's days will I bring the evil upon his house.Ezekiel 41:19 - So that the face of a man [was] toward the palm tree on the one side, and the face of a young lion toward the palm tree on the other side: [it was] made through all the house round about.Nehemiah 1:6 - Let thine ear now be attentive, and thine eyes open, that thou mayest hear the prayer of thy servant, which I pray before thee now, day and night, for the children of Israel thy servants, and confess the sins of the children of Israel, which we have sinned against thee: both I and my father's house have sinned.Job 38:20 - That thou shouldest take it to the bound thereof, and that thou shouldest know the paths [to] the house thereof?2 Chronicles 10:16 - And when all Israel [saw] that the king would not hearken unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? The 2,569 sq. Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem3. In 1743, within two years of the settlement of Bethlehem, an apothecary was opened in the Gemeinhaus. First century homes were small and most were single level. but our love and prayers are with you and your sis wife. Neil Ward, via Wikimedia Commons. But the fact that the spies went to her showed that there was only one inn in Jericho. 22:1; Matt. Bethlehem is located 5 miles south of Jerusalem. There is only one city mentioned by the description and that is Hebron, see Joshua 21:11. In Egypt the Israelites resumed a fixed life in permanent houses, and must have learned architectural skill in that land of stately edifices. The Church News is an official publication of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Most of the buildings were built between the mid-18th to early-20th century and reflect Bethlehem's development from a Moravian community to an industrial based economy. Details of Plan and Construction (1) Corner-Stone (2) Floor (3) Gutter (4) Door (5) Hinge (6) Lock and Key (7) Threshold (8) Hearth (9) Window (10) Roof 2. First Century Israel Map - In addition to living together, Moravians worked together under the General Economy, a system where everyone works and provides for the good of the community and, in return, receives care from birth to death. Came across Chimham. Bethlehem (/ b l h m /; Arabic: Bayt Lam; Hebrew: B Leem) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Jerusalem.It is the capital of the Bethlehem Governorate, and has a population of approximately 25,000 people. Paulinus of Nola Epistle 31.3). Thanks! Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. My maiden name is BOAZ. For much of his adult life, the home of Jesus's was in Capernaum, a small fishing village on the Sea of Galilee. In response to the urging of contemporaries to restore . Bethlehem - the Manger and the Inn People have asked me where I think Jesus was born. 11:9). It was from a land of houses that Abram, at God's call, became a dweller in tents (Genesis 12:1; Hebrews 11:9). The 1869 Luckenbach Mill, located within the Colonial Industrial Quarter was built in a few months on the foundations of the earlier 1751 Grist Mill, which was destroyed by fire in 1869. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. 2Ki 4:10,11 The "lattice," through which Ahasiah fell, perhaps belonged to an upper chamber of this kind, 2Ki 1:2 as also the "third loft," from which Eutychus fell. Registration and financial information about Historic Bethlehem Partnership, Inc. may be obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of State by calling toll-free, within Pennsylvania, 1-800-732-0999, or on the web at www.dos.state.pa.us. Ancient cities typically had one inn as in the case of Rahab. This domestic configuration allowed for almost no private space, especially when accommodating extended or multigenerational families. Inside you might also find lamps, stoves, beds, fireplaces, and windows and chimneys. . It was decorated with mosaics and venerated along with the house. Set in Bethlehem, 37 km from Clarens Golf Club, The Hank Guesthouse Pty Ltd offers accommodation with an outdoor swimming pool, free private parking and a shared lounge. The hostel welcomes guests from all over the world and is located near the renowned Nazareth market, one of the city's most interesting attractions that have likely drawn you to this very city. Both houses are located near the Basilica of the Annunciation seen here. Tradition only places Rachels Tomb there as early as the 4th century AD. 22:8). Although no complete house from this period has yet been excavated within Bethlehem itself, it is quite possible that some of the repurposed caves preserved under the Church of the Nativity once functioned as this type of stable space for homes that stood near or above them at the time of Jesus birth. Given that Zacharias worked in the temple, his home would not have been too far away, correct? It was indeed prophesied that Jesus would be born in Bethlehem in the territory of Judea (Judah): Their first interest was in spending as much time as possible in GOD's out-of-doors. Joseph, Mary and Jesus relocate to Nazareth, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. James David, his dad was James David and so was my dads grandfather. The title of the Thirtieth Psalm reads, "A Psalm; Song at the dedication of the house of David." this old house cast 2020; vintage cadillac parts catalog; el 03 cjng; cleebourg pet drinking fountain troubleshooting; dib chidiac wedding. therefore it shall be, [that] what thing soever thou shalt hear out of the king's house, thou shalt tell [it] to Zadok and Abiathar the priests.2 Chronicles 3:11 - And the wings of the cherubims [were] twenty cubits long: one wing [of the one cherub was] five cubits, reaching to the wall of the house: and the other wing [was likewise] five cubits, reaching to the wing of the other cherub.Exodus 20:17 - Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that [is] thy neighbour's.2 Kings 8:5 - And it came to pass, as he was telling the king how he had restored a dead body to life, that, behold, the woman, whose son he had restored to life, cried to the king for her house and for her land. The upper was where the family lived, and the lower was where the animals were kept during the night for protection and warmth in the winter . Ancient Jerusalem - Interactive Study of Jerusalem with Map. Required fields are marked *. Bethlehem PA 18020 484-892-6267. It was also common for such homes to be built near or over natural limestone caves, which could be repurposed as housing for the familys animals sheep, goats or donkeys by carving into the grotto walls small niches for oil lamps to provide dim interior light and stone troughs to water the animals. Matthew further records that this was exactly what God had foretold. Heres how it works. The first section of the Single Sisters House was constructed in 1744 parallel to the Gemeinhaus along the limestone bluff and facing south. During the first 20 years of the settlement, Europeans, African-Americans, and American Indians lived, worked, worshiped, and went to school together. The Moravians in Bethlehem lived in a communal society organized into groups, called choirs, and segregated by age, gender, and marital status. 1:4). by. The modern plaza in front of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehems Manger Square. In the Old Testament period, it began to develop as a modest settlement along a crescent-shaped ridge on the border of the Judean hill country to the west and the Judean desert to the east. A simple thing for Him I know but, intriguing He has also written for The Independent (UK), The Canadian Press (CP) and The Associated Press (AP), among others. https://wikitravel.org/shared/File:Bethlehem_Banner.jpg, Episode 115: A historical visit to Bethlehem at the Saviors birth, with BYU Professor Dr. Matthew Grey, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Church_of_the_Nativity_(7703592746).jpg, 5 things that set The Christ Child apart from other versions of the Nativity story, Watch: A behind-the-scenes look at The Christ Child film, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bernhard_Fiedler_-_Kloster_in_Bethlehem_-_2972_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Herodium_from_above_2.jpg, President Oaks explains why the announcement of the Christ child was made to three different groups the very humble, the very holy and the very wise, Christmas: It is so much larger than the story of the Saviors birth in Bethlehem, 7 #LightTheWorld videos to watch this Christmas season. Ac 20:9 comp. NASA warns of 3 skyscraper-sized asteroids headed toward Earth this week. In 2009, a first-century dwelling was discovered 6 in which were found pottery and chalk stone vessel shards which date from the late Hellenic through Early Roman periods (100 BC to 100 AD) 7 Another first-century courtyard house was excavated in Nazareth 8, which still had windows and doors intact. What actually did a stable look like in the time of Christ? A family origin for him in the village of Bethlehem in the Roman province of Judaea only makes sense. 2Ki 9:30 An awning is sometimes drawn over the court, and the floor is strewed with carpets on festive occasions. The text never mentions a stable at all, only a manger. It was, quite literally, Bethlehem's first house. Both Gospel accounts state clearly that Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea. Like many old hospitals, Bethlem began as a religious order; it was founded in the 13th Century as a priory dedicated to St Mary of Bethlehem. Today, a Moravian from the mid-1700s would recognize his or her community and feel at home walking the streets of Bethlehem. People have asked me where I think Jesus was born. Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. Choose your favorite bethlehem paintings from 2,662 available designs. The passage into it is so contrived that the court cannot be seen from the street outside. 19.37-40). (Image in public domain, courtesy Wikimedia Commons.). A guest room suggested a larger house. In the hierarchy of power, the Jewish self-government reported to the authority of the local Roman government (King Herod), which reported to Rome (Emperor Caesar). As the people increased and grouped themselves into communities, these abodes were supplemented by systems of artificial caves which, in some cases, developed into extensive burrowings of many adjoining compartments, having in each system several entrances. The natural successor to the cave was the stone-built hut, and just as the loose field-bowlders and the stones, quarried from the caves, served their first and most vital uses in the building of defense walls, so did they later become material for the first hut. Bethlehem The First Nativity Scene Today, the Church of the Nativity stands over this cave in Bethlehem. For this reason the outside walls of the humble house were not inviting. Together, these features would have formed the physical backdrop for Lukes description of the shepherds living in the fields, keeping watch over their flocks by night when the angel proclaimed to them the good news of the Messiahs birth in the village (see Luke 2:811). On the east end of the church, connecting to the main building, an octagon shaped structure was built over the cave as a shrine, about 26 feet long on each side. The Palestinian townhouse shared in the same basic conceptions regarding the arrangement of living space and apartment types commonly seen throughout the . Today archaeologists know that this tomb was built sometime after the house was abandoned. 2.2 also prophecies that the ruler of Israel would come from Bethlehem-Ephratah which was in the Biblical tribe of Judah. In some parts of Israel and Arabia stone is used, and in certain districts caves in the rocks are used as dwellings. Bethlehem was founded over 250 years ago in 1741 when a religious group, members of the Moravian Church, purchased land where the Monocacy Creek flows into the Lehigh River. Although the New Testament does not mention a cave, a second-century source states that Jesus was born in one. Research reveals that people in the Middle Ages believed that Jesus grew up in this home. Pam, Would like any information on what Bethlehem looked like at his birth please. Bethlehem is also mentioned in the Amarna Letters of the 14th century BC. I Kings 17:8-19)." The Bible mentions a lot concerning "Houses". Roman Empire Map - The average home of the common people was a one-room dwelling . There, his wife Rachel died giving birth to Benjamin, and he buried her by the side of the Bethlehem Road where her tomb has . Notify me of follow-up comments by email. All Votes Add Books To This List. 1. It must have been an uncomfortable journey when Mary was almost 9 months pregnant and had to travel, probably on the back of a donkey, from Nazareth to Bethlehem a 100 mile long journey through the Jordan Valley! 11 West Church Street, Bethlehem, PA 18018 (610) 867-3761. Pompeii. The richer term, "home," has never been invented by the son of Israel because he has always considered himself "a sojourner in the earth." Built over a cave in 326 AD, many believe it marks the site where Christ was actually born in a stable. There is a more significant reason why His birthplace was in this little town of Bethlehem. ft. home is a 2 bed, 3.0 bath property. Lu 22:12; Ac 1:13; 9:37; 20:8 The windows of the upper rooms often project one or two feet, and form a kiosk or latticed chamber. But most first-century houses in Israel had two stories, an upper floor for sleeping and a lower floor for cooking and keeping animals . Over the door is a projecting window with a lattice more or less elaborately wrought, which, except in times of public celebrations is usually closed. New York, There was, however, a darker period when the hospital became more conservative, secretive and, eventually, abusive in the treatment of its patients. Archaeologists found that Nazareth, and the sites near it, had more locally made pottery as well as limestone vessels allowed under Jewish purity laws. (For the burial and memorial of the matriarch Rachel near this juncture, see Genesis 48:7.). Amusement, business, conversationhttp://www.bible-history.com/fHouse in Naves Topical Bible Built of Stone Le 14:40-45; Isa 9:10; Am 5:11 Brick Ge 11:3; Ex 1:11-14; Isa 9:10 Wood So 1:17; Isa 9:10 -Built into city walls Jos 2:15 -Used for worship Ac 1:13,14; 12:12; Ro 16:5; 1Co 16:19; Col 4:15; Phm 1:2 -"A man's castle," De 24:10,11 -ARCHITECTURE OF Foundations of stone 1Ki 5:17; 7:9; Ezr 6:3; Jer 51:26 Figurative Ps 87:1; Isa 28:16; 48:13; Ro 15:20; 1Co 3:11; Eph 2:20; 1Ti 6:19; Heb 6:1; Re 21:14 Cornerstone Job 38:6; Ps 144:12 Figurative Ps 118:22; Isa 28:16; Eph 2:20; 1Pe 2:6 Porches Jud 3:23; 1Ki 7:6,7 Courts Es 1:5 Summer apartment Jud 3:20; with Am 3:15; 1Ki 17:19 Inner chamber 1Ki 22:25 Chambers Ge 43:30; 2Sa 18:33; 2Ki 1:2; 4:10; Ac 1:13; 9:37; 20:8 Guest chamber Mr 14:14 Pillars Pr 9:1 With courts Ne 8:16 Lattice Jud 5:28 Windows Jud 5:28; Pr 7:6 Ceiled and plastered Da 5:5 Hinges Pr 26:14 Roofs, flat Jos 2:6; Jud 16:27; 1Sa 9:25; 2Sa 11:2; 16:22; Isa 15:3; 22:1; Mt 24:17; Lu 12:3 Battlements required in Mosaic law De 22:8 Prayer on Ac 10:9 Altars on 2Ki 23:12; Jer 19:13; 32:29; Zep 1:5 Booths on Ne 8:16 Used as place to sleep Jos 2:8; Ac 10:9 Used as dwelling place Pr 21:9; 25:24 Painted Jer 22:14; Eze 8:10,12 Chimneys of Ho 13:3 Texts of Scripture on doorposts of De 6:9 Laws regarding sale of Le 25:29-33; Ne 5:3 Dedicated De 20:5; Ps 30 -FIGURATIVE 2Sa 7:18; Ps 23:6; 36:8; Joh 14:2; 2Co 5:1; 1Ti 3:15; Heb 3:2http://www.bible-history.com/nHouse in Smiths Bible Dictionary The houses of the rural poor in Egypt, as well as in most parts of Syria, Arabia and Persia, are generally mere huts of mud or sunburnt bricks. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. The first-century house, showing one of its rock-cut walls. Bethlehem with the Herodium in the distance 1898. Ive often wondered if Mary and Joseph returned to Zacharias house as the day for Jesus birth drew near since the last thing Joseph would want to do is put his young virgin wife on a donkey when shes nine months pregnant. Bethlehem, meaning "house of bread," was also the renowned City of David. More elaborate plans of several apartments, entering from what may be called a living-room, followed as a matter of course, and these, huddled together, constituted the homes of the people. Yet Bethlehem was a small town in the upper mountains of Judea, and no major Roman road is known to have passed through it. https://wikitravel.org/shared/File:Bethlehem_Banner.jpg. In this way, the archaeological remains at Herodion as with the shepherds fields, household structures and stables attested around Bethlehem provide valuable context and insights that can deeply inform our modern reading of the biblical Nativity stories, profoundly enrich the way we envision the events that surrounded them, and help us to appreciate the physical realities behind the Christmas message of great joy to all people: To you is born in the [village] of David a Savior, who is the Messiah, the Lord (Luke 2:1011). There was no effort to attract attention to this place of retirement.3 The purpose of these dwellings is borne out by the meaning of the Hebrew and Arabic words for "house." Spurgeon quotes Samuel Chandler as saying concerning this custom: It was common when any person had finished a house and entered into it, to celebrate it with great rejoicing, and keep a festival, to which his friends are invited, and to perform some religious ceremonies, to secure the protection of Heaven. It would be another 2.5 months or so before she and Joseph went with Mary from Nazareth to Bethlehem (Luke 2:4,5). Visitors to Bethlehem immediately feel of its profound scriptural significance as they recall the events of the Nativity while viewing the ancient landscape on which they occurred. Massacre of the Innocents in Bethlehem7. A low divan goes round it, used for sitting or reclining by day, and for placing beds on by night. Peace and prosperity Schwyz is a rural community where peace and continuity have blossomed into prosperity over many centuries. The Moravians located their crafts, trades, and industries along the waterways and their dwellings on the limestone bluff above. Picture Study Bible - StudyBible with Pictures and Maps. A repurposed cave located under a first-century house excavated near Bethlehem. Archaeological research in 2006-10 indicated that an underground complex beneath the convent of the .